MICROBIOLOGY (E-PORTFOLIO)

Hi and welcome, this week practical is about bacterial staining. . Our objectives are to study the properties and to divide microorganisms into specif groups for diagnostic purposes, biological stains and staining procedures.There are two stains which is acidic stains are anionic, which means that, on ionization of the stain, while basic stains are cationic, because on ionization the chromogen portion exhibits a positive charge. This week we going to do two staining which is simple staining and negative staining. In simple staining, the bacterial smear is stained with a single reagent, which produces a distinctive contrast between the organisms and its background. For negative staining, it requires the use of acidic stain such as India ink or nigrosin. For this we used nigrosin. The acidic stain with its negatively charge chromogen, will not penetrate the cells because of the negative charge on the surface of bacteria. Simple staining We use three reagents. Methylene blue, crystal viol

Hello and welcome guys, so this week we basically learned more details about prokaryotes external. In this topic, we must know what the meaning of prokaryotes. Prokaryotes is a group of organisms that have lack of nucleus and membrane-bounded organelles. Prokaryotes have 2 domain which are Bacteria and Archaea. In this topic, we must be able to describe the structure and functions of the structure of prokaryotes. Basically prokaryotes have three basic shape which is cocci (s. coccus), bacilli(s. bacillus)and spiral. In the class, we discuss about the relationship of size-shape of this prokaryotes. So the relationship are that the bigger the size, the better it to adapt to extreme environment condition and also the bigger the size, the larger the food storage of the cells. Prokaryotes There are four structure external to the cell wall, there are glcocalyx, flagella, axial filaments and pili/fimbriae. A glycocalyx is made of sugars is called an extracelluar p

Hi and welcome to my blog. so our last practical class we did the experiment of measurement of microorganisms and the examination of microorganisms using hanging drop and wet mount.  The  hanging drop technique  is a well-established method for examining living, unstained, very small organisms. The traditional procedure employs a glass slide with a circular concavity in the centre into which a  drop  of fluid, containing the 'microorganisms', hangs from a coverslip. Meanwhile for   In a  wet mount , the specimen is placed in a drop of water or other liquid held between the slide and the cover slip by surface tension. This method is commonly used, for example, to view microscopic organisms that grow in pond water or other liquid media, especially when studying their movement and behavior. preparation of hanging-drop Preparing wet mount Meanwhile for the practical of measurement of microorganisms, we need ocular micrometer and stage micrometer. first we need to find the calibrati

Hi and welcome, the last class of microbiology, Dr Wan told us to sit in our group and discuss what we want to take  microbe which in prokaryote. Our group pick bacteria, which is Propionibacterium acnes. So basically we must find platform to share our microbe. So we pick Testeach. There we find infomation then put it there. Some information that we find are about it classification, morphology, and etc about it. Below are some information that I can share about our microbe. Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Actinobacteria Order: Actinomycetales Family: Propionibacteriaceae Genus: Propionibacterium Species: P. acnes MICROSCOPIC APPEARANCE Gram Stain: Gram-positive. Morphology: Pleomorphic, branched and unbranched rods, coccoid forms, or bifid, but they are not filamentous. Cells are often "club-shaped" with one end rounded and the other tapered. Cells occurs in singly, in pairs or short chains, in "V" or "Y" configurations, or in clumps with a &q

Hi and good day everyone, so this week we will do Microscopic experiment, which we will doing all thing with microscope. Each of us was given a microscope to us to handle and take care it our heart(As we know that it is very expensive). So firstly, as usual our lecture will brief us a bit about this experiment. We discuss about the parts of microscope. We also discuss what is resolution. Resolution or resolving power is how apart two adjacent objects must be before a given lens show them as discrete entities. To calculate the resolving power is like below Resolving power = wavelength of light_______                                                                         2 x numerical aperture First day experiment we only need to observe the slide provided. Which are B. cereus, S. cerevisiae, S. aureus and blood. Blood S. cerevisiae (1000X) B. cereus ( 1000X ) S. aureus ( 1000X ) So experiment this week we will observe the slides that provided. The cells that we observe are S. aereus,

Hello dearies all, so for this week our class continue our lesson which is the topic of Microscopy. We continue our discussion about the Electron Microscope . There are two type of Electron Microscope which is Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) . So basically SEM will produce a realistic 3D images of specimen. This microscope also the expensive microscope compare to others. For TEM it produces 2D images and also the cross-section of the specimens. Scanning Electron Microscope Transmission Electron Microscope Dr. Wan also give us a small task which  we need to discuss within our group on how to prevent superbug . For anyone who curious what is superbug , I will tell you a little about  it. Well superbug is a strain of bacteria that are resistance to the majority of antibiotics that commonly used today. There are a lot of case that people die because of superbug and doctor can't stop it from spreading. We all discuss how