SPORE STAIN & CAPSULE STAIN

Hi and hello again this week experiment are spore stain and capsule stain, This week is also our hands-on test . It is very nervewrecking. So enough of this we just continue about the experiments.

So basically when environtmental conditions become unfavourable for continuing vegetative cellular activities, particularly with exhaution of a nutritional carbon source, these cells have the capacity to undergo sporogenesis and give rise to a new intracellular structure called the endospore, which is surrounded by impervious layers called spore coats . as conditions continue to worsen ,the endospore is released from the degenerating vegetative cell and becomes an independent cell called a free spore. Because of the chemical composition of spore layers, the spore is resistant to the damageing effects of excessive heat, freezing, radiation, desiccation, and chemical agents, as well as to the commonly employed microbiological stains. With the return of favorable environtmental conditions, the free spore may revert to a metabolically active and less resistant vegetative cell through germination.


The smears was flooded with malachite green and was placed on top of a beaker of water sitting on a warm hot plate, allowing the preparation to steam for 2 to 3 minutes.The slides was removed from hot plate, cool and wash under running tap water.Counterstain with safranin for 30 secondsWash with tap water.The slides was blotted dry and was examined under oil immersion




A capsule is a gelantinous outer layer that is secreted by the cell and that surrounds and adheres to the cell wall. It is not common to all organisms. Cells that have a heavy capsule are generally virulent and a capable of producing disease, since the structure protects bacteria against the normal phagocytic activities of host cells. Chemically, the capsular material is composed mainly of complex polysaccharides such as levas , dextrans and celluloses 


One clean glass slide was obtained. Several drops of crystal violet was placed on the slide.Using aseptic technique, three loopfuls of a culture was added to the stain and was gently mix with the inoculating loop.With a clean glass slide, the mixture was spread over the entire surface of the slide to create a very thin smear. Let stand for 5 to 7 minutes. Allow smears to air-dry.The smears was washed with 20% copper sulfate solution.The slides was gently blotted dry and was examined under oil immersion.The steps  was repeated



That's all from me thank you so much and see you next time :)





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