MICROBIOLOGY (E-PORTFOLIO)

Hi and hello guys, so today experiment we going to do experiment about physical factors which are temperature and pH. All bacteria can be classified into one of three major groups,depending on their temperature requirements. Psychrophiles: Bacteria species that will grow within a temperature range of -5 ° C to 20 ° C  . They will grow within 0 ° C and 5 ° C.  Mesophiles : Bacterial species that will grow within a temperature range of 20 °C to 45 ° C. Thermophiles : Bacterial species that will grow at 3 5 ° C and above. Two group of thermophile that exists. Facultative thermophiles and obligate thermophiles. in 37 ° C in 20 ° C in 4 ° C in 60 ° C pH. Certain organisms can grow at extremes of the pH scale, generalities can be made. The specific range for bacteria is between 4 and 9, with the optimum being 6.5 to 7.5. Fungi prefer an acidic environment, with optimum activities at a pH of 4 to 6. The neutral pH is 7.  The spectrophotometer was u

This week microbiology class,we discuss about protists. Dr. Wan told us to sits in pair. To discuss about the concept mind map of protists. To objective of this is that we can be able to understand more clearly this topics. After we discuss the mind map. Dr. Wan go through with us the topics of protists. Most of the protists are unicellular. It lacks the level of tissue organization present in higher eukaryotes. It grow in a wide variety of moist habitats. Chemoorganotropic form play role in recycling nitrogen and phosphorus. Parasitic forms cause disease in humans and domesticated animals. Consist of protozoa and algae. The plant-like algae and the animal-like protozoa. Protozoa brown algae green algae red algae Here I want to share the concept mind map that my patner and I do it.  Thats all I guess. Thank you for reading see you later. :)

Well hello there, so this week class we discuss about topic of fungi. At the first class of the week. we  Well hello there, this week we will discuss about fungi with our senior. In a group we must find fungi that give impact to the ecosystem. Our group choose Crytococcus neoformans  . Cryptococcus neoformans  is an encapsulated  yeast  and an obligate aerobe  that can live in both  plants  and  animals . Its  teleomorph  is  Filobasidiella neoformans , a filamentous  fungus  belonging to the  class   Tremellomycetes . It is often found in  bird  excrement.  Cryptococcus neoformans  is an encapsulated fungal organism and it can cause disease in apparently immunocompetent, as well as immunocompromised, hosts. Cryptococcus neoformans in lung Cryptococcus neoformans C. neoformans  usually infects the lungs or the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord), but it can also affect other parts of the body. The symptoms of the infection depend on the parts o

Hello everyone, this week practical we have done the experiment of media for the routine cultivation of bacteria and use of differential, selective and enriched media.  The objective of the experiment is that be able to know the abilities of several the growth of differential bacterial species and the nutritional needs of the bacteria under study.  The purpose of specialized media. The successful cultivation of bacteria requires the use of culture media containing the nutritional and biochemical requirements capable of supporting growth. There is no single medium that can support the growth of all microorganisms. This challenge has been met by the development of a variety of specialised media. For example, the streptococci require media supplementend with blood in order to determine certain properties that are necessary for isolation and species identification. Another example is the thioglycollate medium , which contain thioglycolic acid that removes oxygen from the med

Hi and hello again this week experiment are spore stain and capsule stain, This week is also our hands-on test . It is very nervewrecking. So enough of this we just continue about the experiments. So basically when environtmental conditions become unfavourable for continuing vegetative cellular activities, particularly with exhaution of a nutritional carbon source, these cells have the capacity to undergo sporogenesis and give rise to a new intracellular structure called the endospore, which is surrounded by impervious layers called spore coats . as conditions continue to worsen ,the endospore is released from the degenerating vegetative cell and becomes an independent cell called a free spore. Because of the chemical composition of spore layers, the spore is resistant to the damageing effects of excessive heat, freezing, radiation, desiccation, and chemical agents, as well as to the commonly employed microbiological stains. With the return of favorable environtmental conditions

Hi and hello this week we going to do the gram stain and acid-fast stain.T  he bacterial cells divides into two major groups. Gram positive and gram negative, it is essential tool for classification and differentation of microorganisms. The Gram stain reaction is base don the difference in  the chemical composition of bacterial cell walls. Gram-positive cells have a thick peptidoglycan layer, whereas the peptidoglycan layer in Gram-negative cells is much thinner and surrounded by outer lipid- containing layers. Peptidoglycan is mainly a polysaccharide composed of two chemical subunits found only in the bacterial cell wall. These subunits are N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid. The Gram stain uses four different reagents. Crystal violet (primary stain), Gram’s Iodine (Mordant), Etyl alcohol 95% (Decolorizing agent) and safranin (Counterstain) Below are the result that we got under the microscope.  E. coli B. cereus   While the maj

Hello all, this week microbiology class we learned about the eukaryotic cell. the first day of class Dr. Wan told us to create a quiz or a game about eukaryotic cell. In the group we discuss and brainwahed ourself to create this. we using Kahoot! app. to create the quiz. Kahoot! is very interesting and fun app to work on. It easy to use and very effective and fun also enjoying. Below are the link of our quiz in Kahoot!:   https://create.kahoot.it/l/#quiz/3a85e815-b0d6-4b71-bda8-458f2f295c8f I will like to share a bit about the eukaryotic cell. there are 9 type of organelles in eukaryotic cells. there are nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, lysosome, vacuoles mitochondria, chloroplast, peroxisomes, and centrosomes. Not all are found in all cells. It could be based on specialization, age and level of activity. Nucleus contain almost all the cell's hereditary information (DNA). The functions are house and protect cell's genetic information(DNA), the largest structur

Hi and welcome to my blog, for this week I will talk about the prokaryotes imtracellular structure. The intracellular structure of prokaryotes consist of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, the nuclear area, ribosome, inclusion and endospore .The function of plasma membrane are to ensure the composition of extracellular fluid is not the same, selectively permeable barrier. The other functions of plasma membrane are synthesizes cell wall components,assists in DNA replication,carries on respiration and captures energy as ATP. Plasma membrane The movements of materials across membranes : -Passive processes: i)Simple diffusion ii)Facilitated diffusion iii)Osmosis -Active processes: i)Active transport ii)Group translocation Active transport are substances are moved by transporter proteins from low to high concentration. Cell has to expand energy for this to happen. For group translocation molecules are chemically modified during passage across cytoplasmic membrane, energ